Genetic sexual attraction (GSA) refers to the notion that a powerful sexual attraction can develop between blood relatives who initially meet as adults. The term GSA is used to describe this phenomenon, and genetic attraction is a related concept.
This type of reunion could result from family members who were separated by adoption, immigration, or who were conceived via sperm or egg donation. GSA occurs when an adopted child or adult children are reunited with their birth mother, birth mothers, or birth father, and these reunions can also involve newfound relatives.
These reunions can trigger intense romantic feelings, sexual feelings, and sometimes even sexual obsession, with strong desire often emerging as a natural, sometimes subconscious, response in these reunions, which may or may not lead to sexual contact or a sexual relationship. Individuals may experience a range of feelings and have felt a deep connection, which can have profound effects on their lives and personal meanings.
Phenotypic matching, or the recognition of similar physical traits, can play a role in these attractions (Mateo, 2022). Recognition of body odour, skin feel, voice, and other physical cues can further intensify the emotional and romantic responses between reunited relatives, highlighting the role of the body in these experiences. The incest taboo is often challenged in these situations, and post-adoption incest is a term used to describe inappropriate relationships that can develop after adoption reunions.
Background
Often, adoptees encounter their birth parents for the first time during these reunions, leading to emotional and psychological complexities. These reunions can involve both birth mothers and birth fathers, and birth mothers in particular may experience complex emotions related to relinquishment and reunion. The term, genetic sexual attraction, was created in the 1980s by Barbara Gonyo, who established a support group in Chicago entitled Truth Seekers in Adoption (Hipchen, 2009, pp. 5-22). This group was created for people who were adopted and then reunited with their biological relatives. Barbara developed intimate feelings when she was reunited with her adult biological son, whom she had previously put up for adoption as a child.
Adoption rights advocates often state that genetic sexual attraction is a fairly common response during reunions. Advocates state that relatives are often compelled to get to know each other on a deeper level, which can include sharing, touching, and spending significant amounts of time together.
Understanding Sexual Attraction
Sexual attraction is a deeply complex phenomenon shaped by a combination of genetic, psychological, and social influences. In the context of genetic sexual attraction (GSA), this attraction can emerge unexpectedly between biological relatives who meet for the first time as adults, often after years of separation due to adoption or other circumstances.
The intense feelings that characterize GSA can be confusing and overwhelming, as individuals may find themselves sexually attracted to someone with whom they share a biological connection. Mental health professionals and adoption rights advocates discuss the importance of understanding this phenomenon, especially within adoption reunion relationships, where adults may experience a surge of emotions and psychological responses that are difficult to process. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of sexual attraction, truth seekers and those affected by GSA can better navigate the challenges that arise during these reunions.
The Importance of Awareness
Awareness of genetic sexual attraction is essential for everyone involved in adoption reunion relationships, including birth parents, adoptees, and mental health professionals. Understanding the possibility of sexual attraction emerging in these situations allows individuals to recognize and manage their feelings before they become overwhelming or lead to impulsive actions.
Education about genetic sexual attraction helps reduce the risk of acting on sexual impulses and encourages a more compassionate, supportive environment for those affected. When people are informed about GSA, they are better equipped to process their complex emotions without fear of judgment or shame. Mental health professionals play a crucial role by offering a non-judgmental space where individuals can safely discuss their feelings and experiences, helping them navigate the unique challenges that can arise during adoption reunions. By promoting awareness, we can reduce stigma and foster healthier, more understanding adoption reunion relationships.
Causes of Genetic Sexual Attraction
Genetic sexual attraction is hypothesized to occur because individuals tend to be attracted to people who have similar physical, intellectual, and psychological traits. As genetics contribute to all traits to some degree, blood relatives often share basic similarities in appearance and mentality. Phenotypic matching, or the recognition of similar physical traits, can contribute to genetic attraction. Genetic sexual attraction states that these individuals are simply prone to be attracted to the similarities that their blood relatives possess.
Another explanation of genetic sexual attraction asserts that individuals may possess subconscious memories of a family member’s smell, which can prompt a physical reaction when they meet again. This physical reaction is said to be in direct response to the familiarity captured by the subconscious mind.
GSA occurs when individuals experience intense romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or even sexual obsession toward their relatives after being reunited. These feelings can sometimes lead to a sexual relationship, and individuals have felt a range of emotions with deep personal meanings. Other researchers have explained that there is a desensitization effect called the Westermarck effect that occurs between family members between birth and age six, preventing individuals from viewing each other as sexual prospects (De Smet et al., 2014). It is denoted as a type of reverse sexual imprinting. Those studying genetic sexual attraction state that family members who meet later in life never get an opportunity to experience this desensitization effect, thus explaining their attraction.
Social Impact of Genetic Sexual Attraction
Discussions regarding this topic affirm that individuals impacted by genetic sexual attraction suffer from a significant amount of embarrassment and guilt. The incest taboo contributes greatly to the stigma and shame experienced by those affected, making it even more difficult for them to seek support. In some cases, genetic sexual attraction can lead to incestuous relationships, which are considered taboo by both society and law, often resulting in serious psychological and emotional consequences for those involved. They are ashamed of their feelings and feel too vulnerable to share them for fear of judgment and condemnation. Individuals with genetic sexual attraction describe a sense of powerlessness over their feelings and admit that they lack control of their intense physical attractions. These experiences can have a profound impact on the lives of those involved, shaping their personal meanings and relationships.
Critics of this hypothesis point out that there are no scientific studies to support this theory and refer to it as pseudoscience. Pseudoscience refers to theories that are deemed to be scientific, but that are unable to be proven with the scientific method. Opponents have refuted that genetic sexual attraction is a scientific ploy to make incest seem less taboo and point out that publications about it have not been legitimate or based on fact.
In addition, opponents of this notion state that although sexual attraction between blood relatives may genuinely exist, it should never be acted upon or encouraged. These individuals state that the notion of genetic sexual attraction is merely a glorified pseudonym for sexual abuse, especially when it occurs between a parent and child, or between relatives in which there is a significant age gap. The term post-adoption incest is used to describe inappropriate sexual contact or sexual relationships that can develop after adoption reunions, highlighting the complex and sensitive nature of these situations. It is important to distinguish between emotional intimacy, longing, and actual sexual contact, as not all cases of genetic sexual attraction result in a sexual relationship.
So, is genetic sexual attraction a real thing? As this is a relatively new theory, there is not a plethora of information or scientific research to support or disprove it. As with all hypotheses, it is impossible to prove without objective results. However, individuals may be discouraged from conducting scientific research or exploring this concept further, as it can easily be equated as a way to prove that incest is plausible and accepted. Thus, it is fairly likely that this debate will not conclude any time soon.
The Role of Imprinting in Genetic Sexual Attraction
Imprinting plays a significant role in GSA, as individuals tend to be attracted to people who have similar physical, intellectual, and psychological traits. Phenotypic matching, or the recognition of similar physical traits, can contribute to genetic attraction between reunited relatives, as shared appearance may trigger intense emotional responses.
Since genetics contribute to these traits to some degree, blood relatives often share basic similarities in appearance and mentality. Psychology has explored how these traits and unconscious bonding mechanisms influence attraction between relatives, especially after reunions. This can lead to a strong attraction to their biological relatives, especially if they have not seen each other as children and only met as adults. This connection can be both exhilarating and confusing, adding to the complexity of GSA.
Adoption Reunion Relationships
Adoption reunion relationships are often marked by a whirlwind of emotions, as biological relatives who have been separated for years come together as adults. These reunions can bring excitement, hope, and a sense of belonging, but they can also lead to anxiety, confusion, and uncertainty, especially if GSA is a factor. Adoption rights advocates discuss the importance of providing support and resources to those navigating these complex relationships. Mental health professionals can offer guidance and a non-judgmental space for individuals to process their feelings, helping them understand the psychological responses that may arise. By acknowledging the potential for GSA in adoption reunion relationships, adults can approach these reunions with greater awareness and access to the support they need to manage their emotions in a healthy way.
Minors and Young Adults
Minors and young adoptees are particularly vulnerable when it comes to genetic sexual attraction in adoption reunion relationships. The uneven power balance between young adoptees and older birth relatives can create situations where feelings of sexual attraction are confusing, intimidating, or even distressing. Adults involved in these reunions need to establish firm limits and clear boundaries to protect young adoptees from potential exploitation or harm.
Education and awareness about genetic sexual attraction are key to safeguarding minors, ensuring that everyone involved understands the risks and responsibilities. Mental health professionals and support groups can provide essential resources and guidance, helping young adoptees navigate their feelings and experiences in a safe, supportive environment. By prioritizing the well-being of young people in adoption reunion relationships, adults can help prevent negative outcomes and promote healthy, respectful connections.
Coping Strategies
Coping with genetic sexual attraction requires a thoughtful, multi-faceted approach that addresses emotional, psychological, and social needs. Education and awareness are the first steps, helping individuals recognize and understand their feelings without judgment. Mental health professionals can offer valuable guidance, helping those affected develop personalized coping strategies to manage their emotions and reduce the risk of acting on sexual impulses.
Setting firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted loved ones, and participating in therapy or support groups can all be effective ways to navigate the challenges of GSA. Open communication, empathy, and understanding are crucial for maintaining healthy adoption reunion relationships and promoting overall well-being. By taking proactive steps and accessing available resources, individuals can work through the complexities of genetic sexual attraction and move toward healing and self-acceptance.
Managing Genetic Sexual Attraction
Managing GSA requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the emotional, psychological, and social aspects of the phenomenon. Education on adoption reunion relationships, including GSA, can help individuals slow down contact and prevent acting on their sexual impulses. Mental health professionals can provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals to work through their complex adoption reunion experiences. Medical psychology and psychology offer valuable insights and therapeutic approaches for managing GSA, helping individuals understand the underlying mental and emotional factors involved and develop effective coping strategies.
Additionally, setting firm limits and boundaries can help prevent GSA from being acted upon, especially in cases where there is an uneven power balance between young adoptees and their older birth relatives. By taking these steps, individuals can navigate their feelings more effectively and avoid potential harm.
Preventing Sexual Abuse
Preventing sexual abuse is a crucial aspect of addressing GSA, particularly in adoption reunion relationships where there may be an uneven power balance between the individuals involved. Establishing firm limits and clear boundaries is essential, especially when a birth parent is reunited with a young adult child. Mental health professionals play a vital role in helping families develop healthy, appropriate relationships and in safeguarding against the risk of sexual abuse.
By providing education about GSA, connecting individuals with support groups, and offering counseling services, professionals can help those affected navigate their feelings safely. Ensuring that all parties understand the importance of boundaries and consent is key to preventing harm and fostering healthy adoption reunion relationships.
Overcoming the Stigma of Genetic Sexual Attraction
Overcoming the stigma of GSA requires a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon and its causes. Education and awareness can help reduce the stigma associated with GSA, promoting a more compassionate and supportive environment for individuals who experience it. Mental health professionals can play a critical role in normalizing GSA and providing a safe space for individuals to discuss their feelings and experiences.
Additionally, support groups and online communities can provide a sense of connection and community for individuals who experience GSA, helping to reduce feelings of isolation and shame. These resources can support individuals as they rebuild their lives and discover new personal meanings after experiencing GSA, acknowledging the profound impact such experiences can have on their existence. By fostering a more understanding and supportive environment, we can help those affected by GSA navigate their complex emotions with greater ease.
Sources
- De Smet, D., Van Speybroeck, L., & Verplaetse, J. (2014). The Westermarck effect revisited: a psychophysiological study of sibling incest aversion in young female adults. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.09.004
- Greenberg, M. (1993). Post-Adoption Reunion – are We Entering Uncharted Territory? Adoption & Fostering, 17(4), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857599301700403
- Harden K. P. (2014). Genetic influences on adolescent sexual behavior: Why genes matter for environmentally oriented researchershttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3893311/. Psychological bulletin, 140(2), 434–465. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033564
- Hipchen, E. (2009). Genetic Sexual Attraction and the Creation of Fatherhood: Making Daddy (Infamous) in The Kiss. The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, 42(2), 5–22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25674374
- Mateo, J. M. (2022). Phenotype matching. In Springer eBooks (pp. 5210–5211). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1668
- Wikipedia contributors. (2024, July 25). Genetic sexual attraction. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_sexual_attraction
- Wilson, R. A. (2019). Incest, incest Avoidance, and Attachment: Revisiting the Westermarck effect. Philosophy of Science, 86(3), 391–411. https://doi.org/10.1086/703572
Tracy is a Licensed Professional Counselor and is a clinical supervisor for a Community YMCA. Tracy has over 12 years of experience working in many settings including partial care hospitalization and intensive outpatient programs, community agencies, group practice, and school-based programs. Tracy works with clients of all ages, but especially enjoys working with the adolescents.